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水电改造之必须要清楚的水管安装
目前市场上最受人欢迎的莫过于PPR水管，它凭借其卫生无毒、耐腐耐热、使用寿命长等优点成为现在家装的首要选择。而PPR水管的安装更是隐蔽工程中较为重要的环节，一定不能马虎。那ppr水管安装到底是什么样的呢？有哪些具体步骤呢？
At present, the most popular in the market is the PPR water pipe, which has become the first choice for home decoration with its advantages of non-toxic, heat-resistant and heat-resistant and long service life. And the installation of PPR water pipe is more important in the hidden project, must not be careless. What exactly is the PPR hose installation? What are the specific steps?
安装方法
Installation method
暗敷管道
Dark apply pipeline
埋嵌到墙壁、楼板等处的管道是能够防止膨胀的。压力和拉伸应力都被吸收而又不损坏各种材料。如果管道有隔离材料（要符合标准），这些隔离材料能允许更多的膨胀。
Pipes embedded in walls and floor boards are able to prevent expansion. Stress and tensile stress are absorbed without damaging the material. If the pipes have insulation (to meet the standards), these insulating materials allow for more expansion.
外装式管网
External pipe network
管道外装时，要考虑线膨胀量的补偿，其基本要求是：首先尽量利用自然补偿；其次采用膨胀环补偿，再次采用固定支架、自由吊架方式补偿。在安装锚接物的位置时，要注意把管道分开成各个部分，使膨胀力导向所需方向。
When installing external pipe, the compensation of linear expansion should be considered. The basic requirement is: first try to make use of natural compensation. Secondly, the expansion ring compensation is adopted, and the fixed bracket and free hanger are used again. When installing the anchor, take care to separate the pipe into sections so that the expansion force directs the desired direction.
在竖井中安装管道
Install pipes in shafts
如果在主管的两个支管的附近各装一个锚接物，这样，主立管就可以在两个楼板之间竖直产生膨胀或收缩。竖井中两个锚接点之间的距离不能超过3米。也可以用其它方法来补偿膨胀现象。例如从主管的分管中装设“膨胀支管”。
If an anchor is attached to each of the two branches of the supervisor, the main riser may expand or contract vertically between the two floors. The distance between two anchors in a shaft cannot exceed three metres. There are other ways to compensate for the expansion. For example, the "expansion branch" is installed from the supervisor's branch.
ＰＰ－Ｒ管材与管件的连接方法一般采用热熔或电熔连接，连接时将管材与管件同时加热到临界熔化时，然后，将管材立即直线插入管件中，焊接完的管道接触性能良好，成功率高。
Pp-r pipes and pipe fittings connection method generally USES hot melt or fused connection, a connection will be heating pipes and pipe fittings at the same time to the critical melting and then insert pipe immediately straight pipe, welded pipe contact performance of the good, high success rate.
焊接步骤
The welding procedure
1、用一个自调式热熔焊机把管材和管件熔接在一起，温度为260℃。把机器接通电源(220伏)，当绿灯闪烁说明已达到焊接温度，开始工作 ；若环境温度低于5℃, 加热时间延长50%。
1, with a hot melt welding machine to weld pipe and pipe fittings with self-tuning algorithm together, the temperature is 260 ℃. Connect the machine to the power supply (220 v). When the green light scintillation indicates that the welding temperature has been reached, start work; If the ambient temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the heating time prolonged by 50%.
2、由于材料重量轻，有绕曲性，所有熔接须在工作台上进行，基于这一优点，节省工时。
2. Due to the light weight of the material and the winding property, all the welding shall be carried out on the workbench, which is based on this advantage to save working hours.
3、有时要在墙内进行某些连接，要注意在这种结合地点有足够的操作空间，可以准确的操作。
3. Sometimes it is necessary to make some connections within the wall, and it should be noted that there is enough room for operation in such a combination site.
使用专用剪刀剪管材，切口应平 滑无毛刺。
Use special scissors to cut pipe, the incision should be smooth without burr.
清洁管材与管件的焊接部位，避免沙子、 灰尘等损害接头质量。
Clean the welding parts of pipe and fittings to avoid the quality of sand and dust.
用与被焊接管材尺寸相配套的加热头装配热熔 器，加热到260℃。
With the welded pipe size matching heating head assembly, heated to 260 ℃.
用记号笔在管材上标记熔接深度。
Mark weld depth on pipe with marker pen.
同时将管材与管件插入熔接器内， 按规定时间进行加热。
In addition, the pipe and fittings are inserted into the welder and heated according to the specified time.
加热后，把管材和管件垂直推进并维持5秒以上，用力不要过猛，以防弯曲。
After heating, push the pipe and tube vertically and hold it for more than 5 seconds. Do not push too hard to avoid bending.
但是熔接时要注意，不要左右摇晃，时间不宜过长。管材与管件的规格要统一。另外，熔接设备要有恒温控制，温度过高熔接不透，容易漏水，温度过低，熔接速度较慢，且费时费力。
But be careful when melting, don't sway from side to side, not too long. The specification of pipe and fittings should be unified. In addition, the welding equipment should have constant temperature control, the temperature is too high to melt, easy to leak, the temperature is too low, the welding speed is slower, and time and effort.
PPR水管也可以使用热熔承插的连接方法，管材和管件完全融为一体，接头的强度甚至超过了管材本体的强度，只要施工得当，完成后通过打压测试，可靠性极高。
PPR pipe also can use the hot melt socket connection methods, pipes and pipe fittings fully integrated, the strength of the joint, even more than the strength of pipe body, as long as the construction is proper, is completed by suppressing test, and high reliability.
承插连接操作程序
Socket connection operation procedure
① 粘接连接前将管材插口、管件承口擦拭干净。
The pipe fittings and fittings shall be wiped clean before the bonding connection.
② 测量承口深度在管材端口做好标记。
Measure the depth of the socket and mark the pipe end.
③ 涂刷胶粘剂，先涂承口后涂插口，涂层均匀、适量。
Apply the adhesive and apply the coating to the mouth before applying the coating evenly and evenly.
④ 对准方向，一次插入到划线部位，旋转1/4圈。
Align the direction, insert one at a time and rotate 1/4 ring.
⑤ 将在承口残留的胶粘剂擦净。
The remaining adhesive will be wiped clean.
⑥ 将粘接好的管道静置至接口固化为止。
Place the attached pipe to the interface until the interface solidifies.
施工规范
Construction specifications
1、管道在安装施工前，施工图纸及其它技术文件应齐全，且已经进行图纸技术交底，满足施工需求；同时方案、技术、材料、机具等能保证正常施工；最后是施工人员须受过管道安装的专业技术培训。
1. Before installation, construction drawings and other technical documents shall be complete, and the drawing technology shall be completed to meet the construction requirements; At the same time, the scheme, technology, materials and equipment can guarantee normal construction. Finally, the construction personnel must have the professional technical training of piping installation.
2、提供的管材和管件应符合设计规定，并附有产品说明书和质量合格证。
2. The pipes and fittings provided shall conform to the design requirements and shall be accompanied by product specifications and quality certificates.
3、不得使用有损坏迹象的材料，如发现管道质量有异常，应在使用前复检。
3. No damaged materials shall be used. If the quality of the pipes is found to be abnormal, the inspection shall be carried out before use.
4、管道安装过程中开口处应及时封堵，以免管道堵塞及污染。
4. During the installation of the pipe, the opening should be plugged in time to prevent the pipe from being blocked and polluted.
5、施工安装时应复核冷、热水管道等级和使用场合；管道面标记向外面，处于显眼位置。
5. When installation and installation, check cold, hot water piping level and use; The pipe surface is marked outward and in a prominent position.
试压注意事项
Test pressure precautions
一、冷水管试验压力，应为冷水管道系统设计压力的1.5倍，但不得小于0.9MPa。
1. The pressure of the cold water tube shall be 1.5 times the design pressure of the cold water piping system, but not less than 0.9mpa.
二、热水管试验压力，应为热水管道系统设计压力的2.0倍，但不得小于1.2MPa。
2. The test pressure of the hot water pipe shall be 2.0 times the design pressure of the hot water piping system, but shall not be less than 1.2mpa.
三、管道水压试验应符合下列规定：
The water pressure test shall meet the following requirements:
1、管道安装完毕，外观检查合格后，方可进行试压；
1. After installation of the pipe, the test pressure can be carried out after the appearance inspection is qualified.
2、热熔连接管道，水压试验应在连接24小时后进行；
2. Hot melt connecting piping, water pressure test should be conducted after 24 hours of connection;
3、试压介质为常温清水。当管道系统较大时，可分层、分区。
3. The test medium is always warm water. When the piping system is large, it can be layered and partitioned.
4、试验压力按冷水管和热水管的规定，并应符合：
4. The test pressure shall be in accordance with the provisions of the cold water pipe and the hot water pipe, and shall comply with:
(1)强度试验(试验时间为1小时)：
(1) strength test (1 hour) :
◆压力表应安装在管道系统的最低点，加压泵宜设在压力表附近；
The pressure gauge shall be installed at the lowest point of the piping system. The pressure pump shall be located near the pressure gauge.
◆管道内应充满清水，彻底排净管道内空气；
The pipe should be filled with clear water and clean the air inside the pipe.
◆用加压泵将压力增至试验压力，然后每隔10分钟重新加压至试验压力，重复两次；
Use pressure pump to increase pressure to test pressure, and then re-pressurize to the test pressure every 10 minutes and repeat twice;
◆记录最后一次泵压10分钟及40分钟后的压力，它们的压差不得大于0.06MPa。
The pressure of 10 minutes and 40 minutes after the last pump pressure is recorded, the pressure difference shall not be greater than 0.06 MPa.
(2)严密性试验(试验时间2小时)
(2) tightness test (2 hours)
◆试验应在强度试验合格后立即进行；
The test shall be conducted immediately after the strength test is qualified;
◆记录强度试验合格2小时后的压力。此压力比强度试验结束时的压力下降不应超过0.02MPa。
2 hours after the test of the strength test is qualified. The pressure drop should not exceed 0.02 MPa at the end of the strength test.
5、埋在地平面层和墙体内的管道，试压工作应在面层浇捣或封堵前进行，达到试压要求后，土建方能继续施工。大型工程，管道试压工作可根据施工进度，分段进行。
5. Buried in the ground floor and the pipe in the wall, the test pressure should be carried out before the surface layer is tamped or sealed. After the test pressure is reached, the construction can be continued. Large engineering, pipeline test work can be carried out according to the construction schedule.
6、寒冷地区冬季进行试压试验时，应采取有效防冻措施，试验完毕后应及时泄水。
6. Effective anti-freezing measures should be taken in the cold area during the test test in winter, and the water should be leaked in time after completion of the test.
At present, the most popular in the market is the PPR water pipe, which has become the first choice for home decoration with its advantages of non-toxic, heat-resistant and heat-resistant and long service life. And the installation of PPR water pipe is more important in the hidden project, must not be careless. What exactly is the PPR hose installation? What are the specific steps?
安装方法
Installation method
暗敷管道
Dark apply pipeline
埋嵌到墙壁、楼板等处的管道是能够防止膨胀的。压力和拉伸应力都被吸收而又不损坏各种材料。如果管道有隔离材料（要符合标准），这些隔离材料能允许更多的膨胀。
Pipes embedded in walls and floor boards are able to prevent expansion. Stress and tensile stress are absorbed without damaging the material. If the pipes have insulation (to meet the standards), these insulating materials allow for more expansion.
外装式管网
External pipe network
管道外装时，要考虑线膨胀量的补偿，其基本要求是：首先尽量利用自然补偿；其次采用膨胀环补偿，再次采用固定支架、自由吊架方式补偿。在安装锚接物的位置时，要注意把管道分开成各个部分，使膨胀力导向所需方向。
When installing external pipe, the compensation of linear expansion should be considered. The basic requirement is: first try to make use of natural compensation. Secondly, the expansion ring compensation is adopted, and the fixed bracket and free hanger are used again. When installing the anchor, take care to separate the pipe into sections so that the expansion force directs the desired direction.
在竖井中安装管道
Install pipes in shafts
如果在主管的两个支管的附近各装一个锚接物，这样，主立管就可以在两个楼板之间竖直产生膨胀或收缩。竖井中两个锚接点之间的距离不能超过3米。也可以用其它方法来补偿膨胀现象。例如从主管的分管中装设“膨胀支管”。
If an anchor is attached to each of the two branches of the supervisor, the main riser may expand or contract vertically between the two floors. The distance between two anchors in a shaft cannot exceed three metres. There are other ways to compensate for the expansion. For example, the "expansion branch" is installed from the supervisor's branch.
ＰＰ－Ｒ管材与管件的连接方法一般采用热熔或电熔连接，连接时将管材与管件同时加热到临界熔化时，然后，将管材立即直线插入管件中，焊接完的管道接触性能良好，成功率高。
Pp-r pipes and pipe fittings connection method generally USES hot melt or fused connection, a connection will be heating pipes and pipe fittings at the same time to the critical melting and then insert pipe immediately straight pipe, welded pipe contact performance of the good, high success rate.
焊接步骤
The welding procedure
1、用一个自调式热熔焊机把管材和管件熔接在一起，温度为260℃。把机器接通电源(220伏)，当绿灯闪烁说明已达到焊接温度，开始工作 ；若环境温度低于5℃, 加热时间延长50%。
1, with a hot melt welding machine to weld pipe and pipe fittings with self-tuning algorithm together, the temperature is 260 ℃. Connect the machine to the power supply (220 v). When the green light scintillation indicates that the welding temperature has been reached, start work; If the ambient temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the heating time prolonged by 50%.
2、由于材料重量轻，有绕曲性，所有熔接须在工作台上进行，基于这一优点，节省工时。
2. Due to the light weight of the material and the winding property, all the welding shall be carried out on the workbench, which is based on this advantage to save working hours.
3、有时要在墙内进行某些连接，要注意在这种结合地点有足够的操作空间，可以准确的操作。
3. Sometimes it is necessary to make some connections within the wall, and it should be noted that there is enough room for operation in such a combination site.
使用专用剪刀剪管材，切口应平 滑无毛刺。
Use special scissors to cut pipe, the incision should be smooth without burr.
清洁管材与管件的焊接部位，避免沙子、 灰尘等损害接头质量。
Clean the welding parts of pipe and fittings to avoid the quality of sand and dust.
用与被焊接管材尺寸相配套的加热头装配热熔 器，加热到260℃。
With the welded pipe size matching heating head assembly, heated to 260 ℃.
用记号笔在管材上标记熔接深度。
Mark weld depth on pipe with marker pen.
同时将管材与管件插入熔接器内， 按规定时间进行加热。
In addition, the pipe and fittings are inserted into the welder and heated according to the specified time.
加热后，把管材和管件垂直推进并维持5秒以上，用力不要过猛，以防弯曲。
After heating, push the pipe and tube vertically and hold it for more than 5 seconds. Do not push too hard to avoid bending.
但是熔接时要注意，不要左右摇晃，时间不宜过长。管材与管件的规格要统一。另外，熔接设备要有恒温控制，温度过高熔接不透，容易漏水，温度过低，熔接速度较慢，且费时费力。
But be careful when melting, don't sway from side to side, not too long. The specification of pipe and fittings should be unified. In addition, the welding equipment should have constant temperature control, the temperature is too high to melt, easy to leak, the temperature is too low, the welding speed is slower, and time and effort.
PPR水管也可以使用热熔承插的连接方法，管材和管件完全融为一体，接头的强度甚至超过了管材本体的强度，只要施工得当，完成后通过打压测试，可靠性极高。
PPR pipe also can use the hot melt socket connection methods, pipes and pipe fittings fully integrated, the strength of the joint, even more than the strength of pipe body, as long as the construction is proper, is completed by suppressing test, and high reliability.
承插连接操作程序
Socket connection operation procedure
① 粘接连接前将管材插口、管件承口擦拭干净。
The pipe fittings and fittings shall be wiped clean before the bonding connection.
② 测量承口深度在管材端口做好标记。
Measure the depth of the socket and mark the pipe end.
③ 涂刷胶粘剂，先涂承口后涂插口，涂层均匀、适量。
Apply the adhesive and apply the coating to the mouth before applying the coating evenly and evenly.
④ 对准方向，一次插入到划线部位，旋转1/4圈。
Align the direction, insert one at a time and rotate 1/4 ring.
⑤ 将在承口残留的胶粘剂擦净。
The remaining adhesive will be wiped clean.
⑥ 将粘接好的管道静置至接口固化为止。
Place the attached pipe to the interface until the interface solidifies.
施工规范
Construction specifications
1、管道在安装施工前，施工图纸及其它技术文件应齐全，且已经进行图纸技术交底，满足施工需求；同时方案、技术、材料、机具等能保证正常施工；最后是施工人员须受过管道安装的专业技术培训。
1. Before installation, construction drawings and other technical documents shall be complete, and the drawing technology shall be completed to meet the construction requirements; At the same time, the scheme, technology, materials and equipment can guarantee normal construction. Finally, the construction personnel must have the professional technical training of piping installation.
2、提供的管材和管件应符合设计规定，并附有产品说明书和质量合格证。
2. The pipes and fittings provided shall conform to the design requirements and shall be accompanied by product specifications and quality certificates.
3、不得使用有损坏迹象的材料，如发现管道质量有异常，应在使用前复检。
3. No damaged materials shall be used. If the quality of the pipes is found to be abnormal, the inspection shall be carried out before use.
4、管道安装过程中开口处应及时封堵，以免管道堵塞及污染。
4. During the installation of the pipe, the opening should be plugged in time to prevent the pipe from being blocked and polluted.
5、施工安装时应复核冷、热水管道等级和使用场合；管道面标记向外面，处于显眼位置。
5. When installation and installation, check cold, hot water piping level and use; The pipe surface is marked outward and in a prominent position.
试压注意事项
Test pressure precautions
一、冷水管试验压力，应为冷水管道系统设计压力的1.5倍，但不得小于0.9MPa。
1. The pressure of the cold water tube shall be 1.5 times the design pressure of the cold water piping system, but not less than 0.9mpa.
二、热水管试验压力，应为热水管道系统设计压力的2.0倍，但不得小于1.2MPa。
2. The test pressure of the hot water pipe shall be 2.0 times the design pressure of the hot water piping system, but shall not be less than 1.2mpa.
三、管道水压试验应符合下列规定：
The water pressure test shall meet the following requirements:
1、管道安装完毕，外观检查合格后，方可进行试压；
1. After installation of the pipe, the test pressure can be carried out after the appearance inspection is qualified.
2、热熔连接管道，水压试验应在连接24小时后进行；
2. Hot melt connecting piping, water pressure test should be conducted after 24 hours of connection;
3、试压介质为常温清水。当管道系统较大时，可分层、分区。
3. The test medium is always warm water. When the piping system is large, it can be layered and partitioned.
4、试验压力按冷水管和热水管的规定，并应符合：
4. The test pressure shall be in accordance with the provisions of the cold water pipe and the hot water pipe, and shall comply with:
(1)强度试验(试验时间为1小时)：
(1) strength test (1 hour) :
◆压力表应安装在管道系统的最低点，加压泵宜设在压力表附近；
The pressure gauge shall be installed at the lowest point of the piping system. The pressure pump shall be located near the pressure gauge.
◆管道内应充满清水，彻底排净管道内空气；
The pipe should be filled with clear water and clean the air inside the pipe.
◆用加压泵将压力增至试验压力，然后每隔10分钟重新加压至试验压力，重复两次；
Use pressure pump to increase pressure to test pressure, and then re-pressurize to the test pressure every 10 minutes and repeat twice;
◆记录最后一次泵压10分钟及40分钟后的压力，它们的压差不得大于0.06MPa。
The pressure of 10 minutes and 40 minutes after the last pump pressure is recorded, the pressure difference shall not be greater than 0.06 MPa.
(2)严密性试验(试验时间2小时)
(2) tightness test (2 hours)
◆试验应在强度试验合格后立即进行；
The test shall be conducted immediately after the strength test is qualified;
◆记录强度试验合格2小时后的压力。此压力比强度试验结束时的压力下降不应超过0.02MPa。
2 hours after the test of the strength test is qualified. The pressure drop should not exceed 0.02 MPa at the end of the strength test.
5、埋在地平面层和墙体内的管道，试压工作应在面层浇捣或封堵前进行，达到试压要求后，土建方能继续施工。大型工程，管道试压工作可根据施工进度，分段进行。
5. Buried in the ground floor and the pipe in the wall, the test pressure should be carried out before the surface layer is tamped or sealed. After the test pressure is reached, the construction can be continued. Large engineering, pipeline test work can be carried out according to the construction schedule.
6、寒冷地区冬季进行试压试验时，应采取有效防冻措施，试验完毕后应及时泄水。
6. Effective anti-freezing measures should be taken in the cold area during the test test in winter, and the water should be leaked in time after completion of the test.
